Interstellar materials & meteorics

Hyung et al.

Peer-reviewed petrographic and geochemical analysis of the IM1 expedition's D-type spherules in Chemical Geology. The most rigorous published examination to date.

Loeb

Mission-concept paper for a dedicated interstellar-object survey telescope. Predicts the per-year ISO-detection rate as a function of survey depth and cadence.

Villarroel et al.

Survey strategy for detecting near-Earth artificial objects of non-human origin using existing optical and synthetic-aperture assets.

Loeb et al.

Methods-and-classification follow-up: how the spherules were recovered, screened, and categorised. The paper that critics target most heavily.

Loeb

Re-derivation of IM1's seafloor-impact ellipse from the CNEOS sensor data, narrowing the recovery search box for subsequent expeditions.

Loeb et al.

First-pass announcement of the Galileo Project's recovery of millimetre spherules near IM1's predicted seafloor site, with composition claimed to be outside the solar-system norm.

Siraj et al.

Independent localisation of IM1 from regional seismometer time-of-arrival data. A first-of-its-kind cross-check for the airburst-fireball case.

Siraj et al.

Engineering feasibility paper for a future intercept mission to the next ʻOumuamua-analogue interstellar visitor — delta-v, sensing payload, timing.

Siraj et al.

Pre-mission paper outlining the Galileo Project's plan, sled design, and recovery strategy for the IM1 expedition off Papua New Guinea.

Siraj et al.

Statistical case that the two known candidate interstellar meteors fall outside the bulk material-strength distribution of solar-system meteorics.

Siraj et al.

Review of the science case for treating interstellar-object recovery as its own astronomical sub-discipline. Frames the IM1 work in a broader observational context.

Loeb

Loeb's peer-reviewed statement of the artificial-origin hypothesis for ʻOumuamua. The proximate cause of the Galileo Project's existence.

Nolan, Vallée et al.

Methodological framework for analysing recovered materials of unknown provenance — isotopics, microstructure, chain-of-custody. The standard cite for the materials-forensics question.

Siraj & Loeb

Quantitative critique of the nitrogen-iceberg natural-origin hypothesis: the implied parent-body mass budget exceeds available galactic inventories.

Villarroel et al.

Launch paper for the VASCO project, which compares mid-20th-century photographic plates against modern surveys for missing-star and transient anomalies.